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KMID : 1231220110020010023
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Journal of the Korean Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco
2011 Volume.2 No. 1 p.23 ~ p.29
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Salivary Concentration of Trace Metals in Smokers
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Kim Young-Jun
Kho Hong-Seop
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Abstract
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Smoking is a major risk factor related to many serious systemic diseases. It also has prominent effects on the prevalence of periodontal diseases and oral cancers, as well as the failure of dental implants. Many toxic trace metals are present in tobacco. They can be accumulated in many organs and have various harmful effects on human health. Saliva is a non-invasive, readily collectible, and low-cost material. Therefore, saliva has been used in biomonitoring to estimate environmental exposure to toxic trace metals. However, analysis of trace metals in saliva has some problems such as very low concentrations of analytes, a wide range of salivary compositions, frequent blood contamination of samples, the lack of standardized analytical methods, and the absence of reliable reference values. For the accurate measurement of trace metal concentration in saliva, inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy (ICP-MS) has been regarded as the optimum technique with excellent sensitivity and ability of simultaneous quantification of multi-elements. To minimize the variability of salivary composition and the influence of blood contamination, it has been recommended to determine salivary flow rates (or salivary secretion rates) of participants and the levels of blood contamination in saliva samples. If these limitations would be minimized, the diagnostic value of saliva can be increased. It is thought that salivary analysis of toxic trace metals in smokers’ body will be significant to estimate the general and oral health of smokers.
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KEYWORD
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Smoking, Oral health, Trace metal, Saliva, Biomonitoring
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